I googled a lot before asking, but so far none of the wallets in your and my list support native Cardano and uses a 24 word seed (as the one from my ledger), to try them on the Cardano blockchain. Except Daedalus/Yoroi/AdaLite, and it’s not working there as described.
Somebody wrote in a different forum that Ledger is using a different BIP-algorithm to create the private key from the seed.
He wrote (translated) : “normal” wallets use the Derivation Path 1852’/1851’/0’/0, but Ledger uses 1852’/1851’/0’. Therefore the key-pairs are calculated different with the same seed.
I would consider this a huge bug/problem with the Ledger device, if this is true. They should fix it in some way.