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they show how a cardano-cli command line client can interact with the cardano-node running, while Daedalus is running.
You could give commands to cardano-cli (and cardano-wallet and possibly also cardano-hw-cli) via the subprocess library: subprocess — Subprocess management — Python 3.12.0 documentation
The protocol spoken between the command line tools and the node is not that well documented, unfortunately. I would also be interested in talking to the node directly instead of just going through the command line tools.
An alternative would be blockfrost.io, which does provide an API without you locally running a node – Daedalus or otherwise. They have a Python SDK: GitHub - blockfrost/blockfrost-python: Python 3 SDK for the Blockfrost.io API. and, I think, can do much of what you want.